Python Data Types

In Python, every value has a data type. Data types define the nature of a value, and Python provides a wide variety of built-in data types to handle different kinds of data. Understanding these is crucial for effective programming.

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Data Types in Python

Category	Data Type
Text Type	str
Numeric Types	int, float, complex
Sequence Types	list, tuple, range
Mapping Type	dict
Set Types	set, frozenset
Boolean Type	bool
Binary Types	bytes, bytearray, memoryview
None Type	NoneType

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Text Type: str

A sequence of Unicode characters.

name = "Dhruba"

You can perform operations like:

• Slicing
• Concatenation
• Length check with len()

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Numeric Types

int

Whole numbers:

age = 25

float

Decimal numbers:

pi = 3.14

complex

Numbers with real and imaginary parts:

z = 2 + 3j

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Sequence Types

list

Mutable, ordered sequence:

fruits = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]

tuple

Immutable, ordered sequence:

dimensions = (1024, 768)

range

Represents a sequence of numbers:

nums = range(5)

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Mapping Type: dict

Unordered collection of key-value pairs:

person = {
  "name": "Alice",
  "age": 30
}

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Set Types

set

Unordered, mutable, no duplicates:

unique_ids = {1, 2, 3}

frozenset

Immutable version of a set:

readonly_ids = frozenset([1, 2, 3])

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Boolean Type: bool

Only True or False:

is_active = True

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Binary Types

bytes

Immutable byte sequence:

b = b"Hello"

bytearray

Mutable version:

ba = bytearray([65, 66, 67])

memoryview

Provides memory-efficient access:

mv = memoryview(bytes([1, 2, 3]))

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None Type

Represents no value:

response = None

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Type Checking and Conversion

Check type

type(3.14)  # Output: <class 'float'>

Type Conversion

int("5")     # Output: 5
str(10)      # Output: "10"
list("abc")  # Output: ['a', 'b', 'c']

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Conclusion

Python provides a variety of built-in data types to handle data in efficient and expressive ways. Knowing when and how to use each data type is essential for writing clean and effective Python code.